59,000 years old. In the Russian cave found the remains of a whole Neanderthal family

This was the first known description of the social organization of a small community of Neanderthals, writes Daily Mail. The first author of Luritz Sokov commented on the results of the analysis as follows: "What they lived at the same time is very captivating. This means that they probably came from one social community. So for the first time we can use genetics to study the social organization of the Neanderthal community.

Neanderthals occupied Western Eurasia is about 430,000 to 40,000 years ago and closely related to the modern man. This species lived in Africa with early people for millennia. After that, his representatives moved to Europe. It happened about 300,000 years ago. Later to them People who joined Eurasia about 48 thousand years ago joined. Southern Siberia is a valuable place for ancient DNA research. It was here that Denisov's cave is located. Earlier, they found the remains of people's subspecies.

Denisov's population lived in Asia about 80 thousand years ago. She was. remotely related to Neanderthals. The object of new research became the remains from Chagir and O. 0 km from the Denis Cave. The Neanderthals began to live here tens of thousands of years ago. They hunted horses, bison and other animals, leaving several hundred thousand of their bones. Tools were found as well. In addition, it was found that bone and dental fragments of 2 caves, chagir and oven, are closely linked.

The first Project of the Neanderthal genome was published in 2012. Researchers from Germany seven 18 of the 14 different archeological sites in Eurasia. However, little people concerned individual communities. Today, Dr. Skova's research and his colleagues, published in Nature, is the most famous genetic study of this type of people. The genetic data of 11 Neanderthals from the Chagir Cave and 2 from the cave were analyzed. These thirteen people were 7 men and 6 women.

Of them - 8 adults; 5 - children and teenagers. In addition to the father and daughters, they assume that relatives could be cousins, aunts and more. Researchers also considered DNA in the Mitochondria of Neanderthals and found special types of genetic variants called "heteroplasm", common between people. They pass through the women's line and are only stored for a small number of generations. This gives the right to believe that they lived and died at about the same time.

Mitochondrial DNA also gave an idea of ​​the genetic diversity within the community, which is very low and is consistent with the size of the group from 10 to 20 people. This is much lower than those recorded for any ancient or modern human community. This is somewhat reminiscent of a group of animals that are endangered. They also found that the genetic diversity of the Y chromosomes passing through the male line was much lower than that of mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited from mothers.

This indicates that communities were primarily related to women's migration, and at least 60 percent of women have decided to join the families of their husbands while men remained in place. Researchers want future studies to take into account more people from other Neanderthal communities to see if this social organization is widespread. Another author of Benjamin Peter's study noted that the results of a new study depict Neanderthals much more human.