Quasreespublic sample of the 1990s. 30 years ago, the Georgian-Abkhazian war began, which was played by the Russian Federation
He managed to create the Abkhazian kingdom, which, in addition to Abkhazia itself, included the territory of the present Western Georgia. The video of the day then Abkhazia became part of the Georgian state for a while, but separated from it and later became part of the Russian Empire. This was facilitated by the fact that Abkhazes were Christians and feared the Muslim Ottoman Empire. However, the Russian Empire selected autonomy from Abkhazi and severely suppressed their uprising in 1866.
The policy of the Russian Empire led to the fact that some Abkhazia left Abkhazia, and there were Greeks, Armenians, Russians and Georgians. By 1987, according to the census, the share of Abkhazi decreased from 86% to 55%. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a movement against the Russian Empire rose in Abkhazia, and after its collapse for some time power in the region seized the Georgian Social Democrats and then the troops of the Caucasus Seimas.
He decided to attach Abkhazia to Georgia, which was still independent at that time. Soviet power in Abkhazia was established in 1921, announcing the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia. Initially, it was a separate republic, but in 1931 on the rights of autonomy became part of Georgia.
The tense relations between Georgia and Abkhazia have been since Soviet times, since the Soviet migration policy continued the trend laid by the Russian Empire and led to the fact that Abkhazi began to be a minority of the population of the region-in the early 1990s there were no more than 17 %. At the same time, in 1989, the largest ethnic group in Abkhazia was Georgians - their share was 45. 7%.
In April 1957, in April 1967 and in May and September 1978, mass performances were required to withdraw Abkhazia from the Georgian SSR. On July 15-16, 1989, clashes between Georgians and Abkhazi took place, during which 16 people were killed and about 140 were injured. To stabilize the situation, Georgia's management made significant concessions to Abkhaz.
After February 21, 1992, the ruling military council of Georgia announced the abolition of the Constitution of the Georgian SSR in 1978 and the restoration of the Constitution of the Georgian Democratic Republic of 1921, the Abkhazian leadership perceived it as the actual abolition of Abkhazia's autonomous status.
In response, on July 23, 1992, the Verkhovna Rada of Abkhazia at a meeting, which was boycotted by the deputies of the George, resumed the Constitution of the Abkhazian Soviet Republic of 1925, according to which Abkhazia is a sovereign state. This decision did not recognize the international community. Then the mass release of Georgians from the power structures of autonomy, as well as the creation of the Abkhazian Guard began.
In response, the Georgian leadership introduced the troops to autonomy, referring to the need for railway protection, which was used as the only route of transportation of goods from Russia to Armenia, and the release of Georgia Vice Prime Minister Alexander Kampsadze, who was held in Abkhazia by supporters of the first president of Georgia. This led to the start of fighting in Abkhazia.
Following the introduction into Abkhazia, Georgian troops, Abkhazian and Russian -speaking population were massively in particular to Russia. Abkhazi received support from the Confederation of the Caucasus Mountains, which supplied them with weapons. She also declared the readiness of Chechens, Kabardins, Ingusians, Circassians, Adigays, along with the ethnically related Abkhazia, to oppose the Georgians. Russia did not at least interfere with the emergence of these common armed formations.
The Cabardian and Adigaytsi's detachments were based on the units of the Confederation of the Caucasus peoples. The Minister of Defense of Abkhazia was appointed Kabardinets Soltan Sosnaliyev, Chief of Staff - Alegeian Amin Zekhov, Commander of the Fleet - Dagestan Ali Aliyev. Later, several hundred Chechens joined the forces of the Confederation of the Caucasus peoples.
On August 14, 1992, hostilities began between Georgia and Abkhazia, which grew into war with the use of artillery, aviation and other weapons. Despite September 3, 1992, Boris Yeltsin and Edward Shevardnadze, a document on ceasefire, the withdrawal of Georgian troops from Abkhazia and the return of refugees, the fighting continued. In October 1992, Abkhazi and their allies from Russia reflected Gagra and established control over a strategically important territory adjacent to the Russian border.
They set up supplies from the Russian part of the Caucasus and began to prepare for the offensive on Sukhumi. According to Georgia, Russian tanks participated in the assault of Gagra. Abkhazi claimed that trophy weapons were allegedly using. There were also several parts of the Russian Armed Forces in the conflict zone, which remained in these territories since the existence of the USSR.
They were at the Air Base in Gudauta, in a military-seismic laboratory in the Lower Esches, and in Sukhum there was a battalion of Russian airborne troops. Russian troops formally maintained neutral status, engaging in the protection of property of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the evacuation of civilians and vacationers and the delivery of products to the blocked city of Tkvarkchel. The Georgian side stated that Russian troops were conducting intelligence operations in favor of Abkhaz.
By the end of 1992, the war became positional - none of the parties could win. On December 15, 1992, Georgia and Abkhazia signed several documents for termination of hostilities and withdrawal from the conflict zone of heavy weapons. In early 1993, the Abkhazian side tried to take off the offensive on Sukhumi and the fighting recovered. The new Temporary ceasefire Agreement was signed on July 27, 1993 in Sochi. Russia was guaranteed by Russia.
On September 16, the Abkhazian side continued the fighting, storming Sukhumi, from which Georgian tanks and heavy artillery were removed from the truce. On September 27, the Georgian forces left most of the city, retreating to the building of the Abkhazia Government, which supporters of independence of the region soon also captured. At the same time, they were shot dead by 17 ministers of the Abkhazia Government, led by Zhiuli Charmat.
Russia, which was the guarantor of the truce, even imposed formal sanctions against Abkhazia after its violation and seizure of Sukhumi, which was not fundamentally affected by the situation. Most ethnic Georgians (about 200,000 people) were forced to leave Abkhazia because they were massively killed and expelled by Abkhazian separatists and their allies from autonomy. Refugees still cannot return home.
According to the parties, 4,000 Georgians were killed during the war and another 1,000 disappeared. 4 thousand Abkhazes were also killed. On May 14, 1994, a regular agreement was signed in Moscow through Russia between the Georgian and Abkhazian parties. After that, the conflict remained frozen until August 10, 2008, when the Russo-Georgian War spread to Abkhazia.